Potential tax risks for transfer capital in an offshore company with subsidiaries in Vietnam

In April 2015, the General Department of Tax (GDT) instructs a provincial tax department to consider imposing corporate income tax (CIT) on a capital transfer transaction whereby a Vietnamese buyer acquires the entire equity interest of a Hong Kong company (Offshore Target Co) from a foreign seller. The Offshore Target Co holds shares in a joint venture company in Vietnam. The GDT considers the purchase price that the foreign seller receives from the Vietnamese buyer for sale of shares in the Offshore Target Co as “taxable income arising in Vietnam” (thu nhập chịu thuế phát sinh tại Việt Nam) of the foreign seller under Decree 12/2015. The GDT’s view could raise a tax concern over capital transfer in an offshore company which in turn have shares in a Vietnamese company, at least in case the buyer is a Vietnamese company.

Related party transactions involving State-owned enterprises

Any State-owned enterprise in which the State has more than 50% voting right is ultimately controlled by the State. Therefore, technically transactions between any two State-owned enterprises or between one State-owned enterprise and a State authority (who is also controlled by the State) may arguably be considered as related party transactions. This is because the definitions of related persons under Enterprise Law 2014 and Securities Law 2006 include persons who can control the decision making of another company or who are under control of the same person.

Bond trustees in Vietnam

In other markets, a bond trustee acting for the benefits the bondholders is intended to make it easier for numerous bondholders to take collective action against the bond issuer especially in case of default by the bond issuer. In the U.S, a bond trustee is subject to duties under the Trustee Indenture Act of 1939.

In Vietnam, a representative of bondholders (đại diện người sở hữu trái phiếu) is the nearest concept to bond trustee in other markets. However, there are only a few provisions under Vietnamese law about a representative of bondholders: