Regulations regarding cross-border lending in Vietnam

Foreign banks located outside of Vietnam extending cross-border loans to borrowers in Vietnam should be aware of the following:

Under WTO commitments, Vietnam gives an “unbound” commitment regarding cross-border lending services. The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-pacific Partnership (CPTPP) also does not open for cross-border lending services. This means that the Vietnamese Government has discretion to allow or disallow cross-border lending;

A new resolution of the Supreme Court on borrowing interests in Vietnam

On 11 January 2019, the Supreme Court issued Resolution 1 guiding the application of several regulations on interest, interest rate and relevant penalty (Resolution 1/2019). Resolution 1/2019 will take effect from 15 March 2019. Below are some salient points of Resolution 1/2019

Resolution 1/2019 clearly states that the interest rate caps of the Civil Code 2005 and 2015 will not apply to credit contracts between banks and its customers. In the past, there has been long debate regarding whether the interest rate caps of the Civil Code 2005 and 2015 will apply to credit contracts.
If the interest rate, overdue interest on principal and overdue interest on interest are higher than the permitted cap, the exceeding interest which has been paid will be deducted from the principal of the loan.

Fintech products and anti-money laundering regulations in Vietnam

Under anti-money laundering regulations, a financial transaction using new technology is transactions which can be conducted by customers without meeting with staffs of a financial institution. If a financial service provider (which may include payment service providers such as e-wallet providers) provides financial services using new technology, the financial institution is still required to meet with its customers at the first time the customer using the services and collect KYC information.

The requirement for physical meeting for collecting KYC information document may make the rolling out a fintech product in Vietnam much slower in other countries.

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Collective actions by bondholders in Vietnam

Collective action mechanism among bondholders is one of the common features in terms and conditions of a corporate bond. Two important features of collective action mechanism are:

· the use of a bond trustee to act for the benefit of bondholders; and

· the use of bondholders’ meeting to allow a decision of a majority (or super-majority) of bondholder regarding the bond (e.g. changing the terms of the bond) to bind minority bondholders who disagree with such decision.

Arguably, if the provisions of bondholders’ meeting are included in the terms of the bond and a bondholder agrees to such term then the provisions on a civil transaction under Civil Code 2015 may allow the use of bondholders’ meeting in Vietnam. However, the validity of a decision of a bondholders’ meeting which is not approved by all bondholders is still questionable under Vietnamese law. This is because:

Vietnam Business Law