Summary. Vietnamese law does not have a clear concept of liquidated damages. There are strong legal provisions supporting for the use of liquidated damages. However, due to the lack of clear legal ground for liquidated damages, it appears that in practice, relying on certain provisions on calculation of damages, some courts in Vietnam appear to have not recognised and enforced an agreement on liquidated damages.

We discuss below the arguments supporting an agreement on liquidated damages and the enforceability of such an agreement in a commercial dispute under the law of Vietnam.

In Vietnam, it is not common to see the aggrieved party claiming for damage which causes harm to its reputation (Reputational Damage) due to breaches of commercial contracts by the defaulting party. However, in principle, Reputational Damage due to breaches of a commercial contract should be claimed and recovered under Vietnamese law for the following reasons:

• Under Article 419.3 and 361.3 of Civil Code 2015, an aggrieved party may claim for moral damage arising from a breach of contract, which includes, among others, moral losses caused by infringement of reputation;

• Reputational Damage may be considered as “actual and direct loss” under Article 302.2 of Commercial Law 2005 if the aggrieved party has actually incurred the loss of reputation directly arising from a breach of contract by the defaulting party;