Corporate criminal liability in Vietnam – List of potential crimes
Under the Penal Code 2015, only a commercial legal person commits a crime listed in Article 76 of the Code could be subject to criminal liability. The table below lists out these crimes and the main penalties which may apply to them. Notably, the list does not include bribery and accounting frauds which usually happen to companies in Vietnam. The list is compiled by Ha Kieu Anh and Ha Thanh Phuc, legal trainees at Venture North Law Limited.
|
Crime |
Maximum monetary fine (billion VND) |
Temporary suspension (months) |
Permanent suspension |
|
Article 188 - Smuggling
|
15 |
6 – 36 |
y |
|
Article 189 - Illegally trafficking goods or money across the border |
5 |
6 – 36 |
y |
|
Article 190 - Manufacturing or trading banned goods |
9 |
6 – 36 |
y |
|
Article 191 – Hoarding or, transporting banned goods
|
5 |
6 – 36 |
y |
|
Article 192 - Manufacturing or trading counterfeit goods |
9 |
6 – 36 |
y |
|
Article 193 - Manufacturing or trading counterfeit food or food additives |
18 |
6 – 36 |
y |
|
Article 194 – Manufacturing or trading counterfeit medicines for treatment or prevention of diseases |
20 |
12 – 36 |
y |
|
Article 195 –Manufacturing or trading counterfeit animal feeds, fertilizers, veterinary medicine, pesticides, plant varieties, animal breeds |
15 |
6 – 36 |
y |
|
Article 196 - Speculating |
9 |
n |
n |
|
Article 200 - Evading tax |
10 |
6 – 36 |
y |
|
Article 203 - Illegal printing, issuing ortrading of invoices or receipts |
1 |
n |
y |
|
Article 209 - Deliberately publishing false information or concealing information in securities activities |
5 |
n |
n |
|
Article 210 - Using insider information to deal securities |
10 |
n |
n |
|
Article 211 - Manipulating the stock market |
10 |
n |
y |
|
Article 213 - Committing frauds in insurance business |
7 |
n |
n |
|
Article 216 - Evading payments of social insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance for employees |
3 |
n |
n |
|
Article 217 – Violating competition regulations |
5 |
6 – 24 |
n |
|
Article 225 - Infringing copyrights and related rights) |
3 |
6 – 24 |
n |
|
Article 226 - Infringing industrial property rights |
5 |
6 - 24 |
n |
|
Article 227 - Violating regulations on survey, exploration, and exploitation of natural resources |
7 |
6– 36 |
n |
|
Article 232 - Violating regulations on forest exploitation and protection, and forest product management |
6 |
12 – 36 |
n |
|
Article 234 - Violating regulations on management and protection of wild animals |
6 |
6 – 36 |
y |
|
Article 235 - Polluting environment |
20 |
12 – 36 |
y |
|
Article 237 - Violating regulations on environmental emergency prevention, response, and relief |
10 |
12 – 36 |
y |
|
Article 238 – Violating regulations on irrigation works, dykes, natural disaters prevention, protection of riverside |
5 |
n |
y |
|
Article 239 - Importing wastes into Vietnam’s territory |
7 |
12 – 36 |
y |
|
Article 242 - Destructing aquatic resources |
5 |
6 – 36 |
n |
|
Article 243 - Destructing forest |
7 |
6 – 36 |
y |
|
Article 244 - Violatiing regulations on management and protection of endangered, rare animals |
15 |
6 – 36 |
y |
|
Article 245 - Violating regulations on management of wildlife sanctuaries |
3 |
6 – 36 |
y |
|
Article 246 - Importing and spreading of invasive alien species |
5 |
6 – 36 |
n |
|
Article 300 – Financing terrorism |
15 |
6 – 36 |
y |
|
Article 324 – Laundering money |
20 |
12 – 36 |
y |